Is Apache Spark free to use?
Yes. Apache Spark is fully open-source under the Apache License 2.0 and free to download, use, and modify. Commercial managed versions are available from cloud providers like Databricks, AWS EMR, and Google Dataproc.
What programming languages does Apache Spark support?
Spark supports Python (PySpark), SQL (Spark SQL), Scala, Java, and R. Python and SQL are the most popular choices, covering the majority of data engineering and data science use cases.
How does Apache Spark compare to Hadoop MapReduce?
Spark processes data up to 100x faster than Hadoop MapReduce for in-memory workloads because it keeps intermediate results in memory rather than writing to disk. Spark also provides a unified API for batch, streaming, ML, and graph processing.
Can Apache Spark handle real-time streaming data?
Yes. Structured Streaming lets you process real-time data with the same DataFrame API used for batch processing, supporting event-time windowing, watermarking, and exactly-once semantics.
What is the minimum hardware needed to run Spark?
Spark can run on a single laptop for development and testing. For production workloads, it scales across clusters managed by YARN, Kubernetes, or Spark's standalone cluster manager.